Providing References
When you’re in the final stages of a job search, there’s a good chance you’ll be asked to provide professional references. While it might seem straightforward, there’s a bit more to it than simply handing over a list of names. The objective is to carefully select the right people, ask for their permission, and help prepare them to give a glowing recommendation.
In this lesson, I’ll show you how to navigate the process successfully and end up one major step closer to a job offer.
Author note: It’s common practice, and most appropriate, for an employer to contact references only after a final interview, but you may be asked for them upon applying. If you’re in direct contact with a recruiter, request that they don’t reach out to anyone until you’ve at least gone through an initial interview. If it’s a required section on a digital application, provide names (only) without contact information if the form allows it. You can share phone numbers and/or email addresses later.
What is a professional reference?
A professional reference is someone from your past who has first-hand knowledge of your qualifications, work ethic, and character in a professional setting. When employers ask for references, they’re looking for insights from people who can vouch for your abilities and work style.
The 4 types of professional references
1. Personal references
Personal references are especially valuable for early-career professionals or those without extensive work history. Employers use these references to learn about qualities like adaptability, resilience, and character.
Insider Tip
When reaching out, be sure to ask the potential reference if they’d be comfortable providing a positive reference. This confirms that they feel confident recommending you and sets the expectation for a favorable endorsement.
2. Peer references
These references can come from former classmates or coworkers who worked alongside you. While not as powerful as a manager’s reference, they can still provide valuable insights into your teamwork and collaboration skills.
Don’t
Don’t ask friends to stretch the truth or misrepresent your professional relationship. This can backfire if an employer senses dishonesty.
3. Former managers
Former managers and supervisors are the gold standard for references. They can attest to your skills and performance in a professional setting. Employers often look for references from direct supervisors to get a sense of your contributions and work ethic.
Insider Tip
If you had a difficult relationship with a former manager, be upfront about it with your potential employer. Addressing it openly shows maturity and a willingness to take responsibility.
4. Backdoor references
These occur when a hiring manager or recruiter contacts mutual connections without asking you. It’s a common practice to get unfiltered opinions about a candidate.
Insider Tip
Always aim to leave a job on good terms. Even if you had a challenging relationship, parting with professionalism will go a long way toward protecting your reputation.
How and when to ask someone to be a reference
Asking someone to be a reference is about more than just securing their permission—it’s also about preparing them to give the best possible recommendation. Here’s how to approach it:
Ask early
Don’t wait until you’ve reached the final interview stage to ask someone to be a reference. Reach out to potential references early in your job search to give them ample time to prepare.
Make it personal
Ask for a reference in person or via a live phone conversation whenever possible. If that’s not feasible, a personalized email can work. The goal is to show that you value their time and support.
Be specific about what you need
Let them know the type of job you’re applying for and the skills or experiences you’d like them to highlight.
Don’t
Don’t be vague. Asking someone to be a “general reference” doesn’t give them enough context to offer a meaningful recommendation. The more details you can provide, the better prepared your reference will be.
Sample reference request (email script)
Keep your message polite and specific when asking someone to be a reference. Here’s an example:
Preparing your references
Once someone agrees to be a reference, don’t leave them in the dark. There are steps you can take to make sure they’re ready to give the best recommendation possible:
Provide context and information
Send them a copy of your resume, the job description, and any specific details you’d like them to highlight. This can include skills, accomplishments, or experiences that apply to the role you’re pursuing.
Keep them updated
Let your references know when you’ve submitted applications or if they might be contacted soon. This will help them prepare and avoid being caught off guard.
Follow up after interviews
If a potential employer has contacted your references, follow up with them to see how it went. You can also use this opportunity to thank them for their support.
Don’t
Don’t forget to express your appreciation. A quick thank-you note or email goes a long way in maintaining a good relationship with your references.
Key Takeaways
- Be strategic: Choose references who can speak to different aspects of your skills and character.
- Ask early and specifically: Don’t wait until the last minute. Ask for permission early in your job search, and be specific about what you need.
- Prepare your references: Provide them with your resume, the job description, and any other information that will make it easy for them to give a strong recommendation.
- Keep your references informed: Update them on your job search progress and let them know when they might be contacted.
- Always show appreciation: Thank your references after they’ve supported you, whether or not you got the job. It’s important for maintaining long-term professional relationships.